Area
　　Due to land reclamation along its coastline, Macao has expanded its land area from 10.28 km 2 in the 19 th century to 28.6 km 2 today, which is equal to one fortieth of Hong Kong and one twenty-third of Singapore . Macao consists of the Macao peninsula and the two islands of Taipa and Coloane. Macao peninsula adjoins Mainland China in the north, and three bridges (i.e. Nobre de Carvalho Bridge, Friendship Bridge (Ponte da Amizade) and Sai Van Bridge) in the south link the peninsula to Taipa, while the two islands are connected by the six-lane 2.2 km Taipa-Coloane Causeway.